Was the motor/pulley vibrating/“walking“ on the bench when you had it running in the picture above? Maybe the rotor on the 3/4 hp motor is out of balance compared to the 1/2 hp motor.
You could always redo the pulley sleeve to make sure the sheaves themselves have no runout. I.E.: do not indicate off the OD of the pulley but rather the belt drive flanks.
The bottom line is that the 1/2 HP with a pulley runs smoother than the 3/4 without a pulley. So cleaning up the pulley runout isn't going to negate that fact.
Dig out your Machinery’s Handbook for the formula to calculate the bolt circle diameter.
I can't transfer punch their locations onto the plate
make pins that fit inside the threaded holes nicely (sliding fit, but not sloppy). Turn a point on one end. Make the pins just long enough so you have the point just above the surface. Line up the backing plate and give it a tap. Volà, you have just transferred the bolt hole locations.
This will work, I've done the same thing a # of times, even pointed mild steel should mark cast. I have used drill rod, cut to dia. then turn the point then temper, will easily mark steel.I'm liking this approach. Been sitting here scratching my head as to how to mount the chuck and/or plate on the rotary table.
Maybe once you know the bolt circle diameter, you should be able to use your DRO’s bolt circle function?