Try these steps:
1. Is the vibration still there with the spindle in neutral? if the vibration goes away then you have a spindle issue. if the vibration is still there then that would eliminate the spindle.
No Craig - it is a good thing. A bad thing is to have the vibration and things disintegrate.
Your lathe uses 3 x 6203 and 1 6203 2RS bearings and then the one Timkin bearing. 12175/12303. You can find them all pretty reasonable.
You could probably change all the bearings for about $125 - I would do the motor as well - you should also run your lathe directly off an outlet and not a power bar to be sure it can draw full start up power etc.
Ok - that was my next thought. Loosen the set screw on the ring and tighten up the ring until the spindle is a bit stiff. Back off 1/4 to 1/2 turn and check spindle. If it is good to rotate nicely - you are set. Lock the set screw. My lathe was making shite noise and the bearing closest to the nut was the issue.
Loosen set screw and tighten with a 5 mm punch or 5 mm rod. - - hardened punch will allow for some added tighten. Take a pic
Just noticing that your back bearing (6203 2RS) is missing the seal at 12 o’clock- not a good sign. That might just be your issue?
You can, shouldn’t be that hard to knock up to tight. - just need everything snug. The bearing is not a tight fit at the back, you could take a dead blow hammer and tap the front and tighten. You are looking at tenths. Push on the front and tap with your dead blow - shouldn’t take much - how loose was the nut?
If it’s a little draggy then back 1/4 turn and lock the nut - that is it. Same type of adjustment for a wheel bearing. After the back off check out the play. Should be all easy to turn.
How big around is that nut?