Fundamentally, an Oscilloscope allows you to see how voltage varies with time. It does that by creating a graph on its screen with voltage on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis. Both the voltage and time intervals of the graph are adjustable so you can see what a slow low frequency signal like your household voltage looks like, or the higher frequency music being played on your speakers, or any other voltage that varies over time.
A multi meter will tell you that your 120V wall outlet produces an AC Voltage of 110Volts, but an Oscilloscope will show you that it is really producing a 60Hz 170V sinusoidal voltage. A Scope can also show noise on the voltage caused by various devices that are plugged into it. You can't see that or even know about it without an Oscilloscope.
In general, I have found that the "for dummies" books like you mention are actually quite good at getting going on just about any subject they cover.
Electronics For Dummies
https://a.co/d/6oIqalT
It would certainly be a start. I have not read this one so your mileage might vary.
Edit - the book does have introductory Oscilloscope content.