I try to aim for a humidity of around 50%
Corrosion can occur at humidity levels below 60% but it is rare and requires other conditions.
For example, machinery that is colder than the room air and that have high thermal inertia can cause a boundary layer of high humidity air at the surface of the machinery that can result in corrosion. Another potential problem is tool drawers and cabinets that can trap warm high humidity air. When the room cools around them, that moist air in the cabinets can cause moisture to condense on tool surfaces. I try to keep drawers open enough to prevent this and for cabinets and containers where I can't, I put a ZeRust Block inside.
Normally, air that has stabilized at humidity levels of 75% or lower will not result in any significant corrosion.
However, I set my Dehumidifier for 50% and run a big fan to provide a safety margin for areas of my big shop with poor air circulation.
In my case I think my basement is a little damp and it doesn't matter how hard I crank the dehumidifier the humidity barely drops. If it drops its only because it makes the temperature go up a little.
This is a very real problem. As @mbond says, not much you can do to fight basic thermodynamics. If your basement is adding as much water to the air as your Dehumidifier is removing, about all you can do is heat the air and/or maybe pump dry air into the basement from the rest of your house.
Have you measured how much water is being removed? At low temperatures, it won't be a lot because cold air doesn't hold much water. In my basement, at the beginning of the humidity season (summer), I get about a 5 gallon pail of water a day for a week or so. Then, as the basement starts to dry out, that will slow down a great deal. Basically, it takes a while to dry out wet surfaces, wet rags, and wet concrete.
I do have a couple of humidity meters but don't find them very accurate. (two meters often disagree and take turns on which one is higher).
This is normal. As long as they are within 15% of each other when they are side by side and have stabilized for a few hours, I wouldn't worry about it. Even a lab grade meter will vary a fair bit. If you ever find a really good affordable one, please let me know.