Looks sort of like a durometer tester, but without the right base. There is a starrett product number behind the needle. I can read NoX643 or NoX043. The last digit is hiding in the pictures you posted.
EDIT: Looks like is just No. 643, Starrett just calls it a depth gauge:
Note:<br/>This item is discontinued. Please consider the recommended alternative listed above or contact our special order department at (978) 249-3551 x410 for more information.
www.starrett.com